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[2] Bevan, Stephen, et al. “Fit for work.” Musculoskeletal disorders in the European workforce. London: The work foundation 2009 (2009).

[3] US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acute Low Back Pain.

[4] National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke Low Back Pain Fact Sheet

[5] Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (2020) Low back and neck pain tops US health spending

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Ferreira, Manuela L, et al. “Global, Regional, and National Burden of Low Back Pain, 1990–2020, Its Attributable Risk Factors, and Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.” The Lancet Rheumatology, vol. 5, no. 6, 1 June 2023, pp. e316–e329, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00098-x.

Kahere, Morris, and Themba Ginindza. “Mapping Evidence on the Prevalence, Incidence, Risk Factors and Cost Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain among Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Scoping Review Protocol.” Systematic Reviews, vol. 9, no. 1, 17 Mar. 2020, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01321-w. Accessed 18 June 2020.

Sharma, Saurab, and James H. McAuley. “Low Back Pain in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, Part 1: The Problem.” Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 52, no. 5, May 2022, pp. 233–235, https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.11145.

Hurwitz, Eric L., et al. “The Global Spine Care Initiative: A Summary of the Global Burden of Low Back and Neck Pain Studies.” European Spine Journal, vol. 27, no. S6, 26 Feb. 2018, pp. 796–801, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-017-5432-9.

Hartvigsen, Jan, et al. “What Low Back Pain Is and Why We Need to Pay Attention.” The Lancet, vol. 391, no. 10137, June 2018, pp. 2356–2367, www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30480-X/fulltext, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30480-x.

Ferreira, Manuela L, et al. “Global, Regional, and National Burden of Low Back Pain, 1990–2020, Its Attributable Risk Factors, and Projections to 2050: A Systematic Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.” The Lancet Rheumatology, vol. 5, no. 6, 1 June 2023, pp. e316–e329, https://doi.org/10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00098-x.

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke . Low Back Pain Fact Sheet. Mar. 2020, www.ninds.nih.gov/sites/default/files/migrate-documents/low_back_pain_20-ns-5161_march_2020_508c.pdf.c